The Bedroom
1888 · Oil on canvas · Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
- Artist
- Vincent van Gogh
- Year
- 1888
- Medium
- Oil on canvas
- Dimensions
- 72 x 90 cm
- Location
- Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
- Movement
- Post-Impressionism
- Series
- The Bedroom
History: how it was made
Van Gogh painted The Bedroom in October 1888 at his yellow house in Arles, where he had lived since February of that year. He was waiting for Gauguin\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s arrival and felt that the painting captured everything he wanted to say about rest and simplicity. He wrote to Theo that color alone should suggest repose and sleep and that the exaggerated perspective and the tilted floor were deliberate distortions meant to express the rest he felt in that room. He was so pleased with the composition that he made two exact copies: one for his mother and sister, and one sent to Theo. All three versions survive. The Amsterdam version is considered the first and finest. The painting was made while Van Gogh was in a period of relative stability and contentment in Arles, before the crisis that would end his time there. The room depicted was the artist\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s bedroom in the east wing of the yellow house at Place Lamartine in Arles. The house was bombed and destroyed in 1944.
What makes this painting extraordinary
The perspective in The Bedroom is deliberately irrational. The floor tilts upward at too steep an angle. The walls converge too quickly. The furniture seems to press forward out of the frame. Van Gogh described this as intentional, a way of making the room feel enveloping and secure rather than simply spatial. The color is flat and without shadow in a way that explicitly references Japanese woodblock prints. Van Gogh admired ukiyo-e prints throughout his career and collected hundreds of them. The flat color areas and the strong outlines of The Bedroom apply the principles of Japanese printmaking to a French interior with total confidence. Every object in the room is personal and specific: his own paintings on the wall, his hat on the coat rack, the mirror, the window overlooking the street. The bedroom is a self-portrait through objects rather than through a face.
What does The Bedroom mean?
Van Gogh wrote that he wanted The Bedroom to express absolute repose. The dominant colors, the lilac walls and the orange floor and the yellow beds, are deliberately non-naturalistic but were chosen for their psychological effect: warmth and enclosure. He was living alone and working constantly and the bedroom was his only refuge. The painting also documents a moment in his life. The personal objects, the specific configuration of furniture, the particular quality of afternoon light: these constitute a record of how it felt to occupy a specific space at a specific time. It is both an interior and a self-portrait, both a formal exercise and an intimate document.